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Introduction: The birth of first child is a special course for couples and due to the various challenges faced by the couples in this period the marital satisfaction in couples may reduce. However there is a different potential in couples on how to respond to these changes and in order to determine changes and marital relationship vulnerability in new parents, this study was carried out to determine Correlation between transition difficulty to parenthood and marital satisfaction and its comparison in women with first and second child. Methods: This correlation study was carried out in 120 women, 60 women with first child and 60 other women with two or more children in 2013. Inclusion criteria were: children and women with mental and physical health, age of children between 6 weeks through 6 months. Instruments include: standard transition difficulty to parenthood scale, demographics and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Mann-Whitney test and Pearson and Spearman correlation) and SPSS (version 16). Results: The mean age was 30.49±5.28 year and 75 women (62.5%) had academic education. The results showed no significant difference between two groups in difficult transition to parenthood (p=0.86). Marital satisfaction was not significantly different between two groups (p=0.69). There was an inverse association between transition difficulty to parenthood and marital satisfaction (p<0.001, r=-0.53). Conclusion: According the results, it is necessary to pay attention to the importance of marital satisfaction and probability changes of couples' relationships during transition to parenthood parents should be aware about it and to remind them these changes were transient and normal also they should be taught how to manage it.

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Introduction: Depression is one of the major issues that affects all aspects of individual life such as marital life. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression and marital satisfaction.

Methods: This study was correlational. Ninety four couples who referred to the Counseling Center of Islamic Azad University of Karaj were selected through convenience sampling and responded to the two self-report questionnaires of Enrich Marital Satisfaction and Beck Depressive Inventory. Correlation Coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results: The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between marital satisfaction and depression in couples (P < 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between wife’s depression and husband’s marital satisfaction (P < 0.01), as well as between husband’s depression and wife’s marital satisfaction (P < 0.01). Wife’s marital satisfaction and depression were able to predict husband’s marital satisfaction. Likewise, husband’s marital satisfaction and depression were able to predict wife’s marital satisfaction (P < 0.01).

Conclusions: The results of this study showed that there was a significant negative correlation between marital satisfaction and depression in couples. This means that an increase in one spouse's depression level leads to decrease in marital satisfaction of the other.

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Introduction: Mindfulness develops the ability to observe thoughts and emotions as transient phenomena through increasing awareness of each ongoing moment. Thus, individual’s tendency to show automatic reaction to habitual or damaging procedures decreases. Awareness of such emotions can be influential in improving emotional intelligence as the ability to recognize the emotions of self and others and manage the emotions and consequently marital satisfaction increases, which is an objective function of happiness, satisfaction, and experienced pleasure by a wife or a husband through considering the whole aspects of their marriage. The present study was conducted to formulate and evaluate a model in which mindfulness leads to a change in marital satisfaction by means of emotional intelligence modifications.
Methods: The present study was correlational with a structural equation method. Form a statistical population of married women of Isfahan City, 195 married women were selected by the convenient sampling and entered into the study. The five collected data-facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ), trait meta-mood scale (TMMS), and marital satisfaction questionnaire (ENRICH). A structural equation approach was used to analyze the proposed model.
Results: All fit indices were acceptable, the relative chi-square was 4.46, the comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.94, and the parsimony comparative fit index (PCFI) was 0.64. The direct and indirect effects of mindfulness on marital satisfaction were 0.1, and 0.44, respectively. Therefore, the results showed that the effect of mindfulness skills on nurturing marital satisfaction was significant. Mediation emotional intelligence had a significant but partial role in this model.
Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest the general efficiency of the proposed model. So, training programs of mindfulness skills can be considered among new strategies to improve marital satisfaction.
 

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Introduction: Improving psychological characteristics, among the most important being marital satisfaction and cognitive flexibility, in married employees of the welfare office is of great importance due to their stresses. The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on marital satisfaction and cognitive flexibility among married employees of the welfare office.
Methods: The present research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test with control groups. The statistical population included all married employees of the welfare office of Varamin city, during year 2016. A total of 30 individuals were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two equal groups. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes educated by Bach and Moran’s acceptance and commitment therapy. Both groups completed the questionnaires of Olson and Flowers’s marital satisfaction and Dennis and Vander Wal’s cognitive flexibility as a pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and univariate analysis of covariance methods.
Results: The findings showed that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in two variables of marital satisfaction and cognitive flexibility. In the other words, acceptance and commitment therapy significantly led to an increase in marital satisfaction and cognitive flexibility of married employees (p≤0/05).
Conclusions: Regarding the findings of this research, counselors and therapists could use acceptance and commitment therapy to improve marital satisfaction and cognitive flexibility.

 

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Introduction: In the retirement age, people experience conflicts and marital problems as they go through one of the transitional stages of life and spend more time at home and face new sources of stress. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the role of coping strategies, purposefulness in life, and quality of life in the level of marital adjustment in retirees.
Methods: The present study was a correlational survey. The population consisted of 200 retirees of Nahavand during year 2016, selected by simple random sampling method, as the study sample. The research tools were Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), Meaning of Life Questionnaire (MLQ), Marital Status Inventory and WHO Quality of Life (WHOQOL-26), and Golombok-Rust marital status inventory. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis.
Results: The results showed that there was a negative correlation between task-oriented strategy and marital adjustment (-0.22), a significant positive correlation between emotion-oriented strategy and marital adjustment (0.20), and a significant negative correlation between the avoidance strategy and marital adjustment (-0.19). Meaning of life was also negatively correlated with marital adjustment (-0.37). Quality of life had a moderate negative correlation with marital adjustment (-0.46). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that coping strategies, meaning of life, and quality of life with multiple correlation coefficient of 0.56 could significantly predict 31% of marital adjustment variance.
Conclusions: According to the results of the current study, effective coping strategies, meaningful life, and good quality of life are predictors of marital adjustment in retirees. Consideration of these issues is necessary for employees of government and nongovernmental organizations, who are on the brink of retirement, in order to cope with marital problems during the retirement period.

 

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Introduction: Family is a social unit that includes the deepest human relationships. In all stages of its development, the couples are the main sub-system and the role of various factors such as attachment styles, defense mechanisms and quality of life are involved in their marital satisfaction. Have Considering the confrontation of nurses with various stressors affecting marital satisfaction, this study aimed to predict marital satisfaction based on attachment styles, defense mechanisms and quality of life in married nurses in Tehran.
Methods: This research was a fundamental and descriptive research that was done in the shape of a predictive correlative design. For this purpose, From married nurses community in Tehran, 250 male and female nurses (125 males and 125 females) were selected through available sampling and had them answer the questionnaires of ENRICH Marital Satisfaction (1989), Adults Attachments (1990), Defense Styles (1993) and the quality of life (1992). The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression stepwise and SPSS 22 software.
Results: The results showed that the variable of safety attachment style has 29% variation with marriage satisfaction, adoptable defense mechanisms has 39% variation with marriage satisfaction and variables of general health, happiness, social function, psychological problems and psychological health all together show 48% variation with marriage satisfaction.
Conclusion: The results of this study support the belief that marital satisfaction is a multi-dimensional category which depends on factors such as quality of life, the level of defense mechanism and attachment styles, and these factors have a direct effect on the interpersonal relationships of couples in adulthood.

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Introduction: Marital maladjustment is one of the serious problem that serve as the cause of divorce and domestic violence in many families.
The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of emotion regulation instruction on marital adjustment of couple with marital conflicts.
Methods: The design of this research was experimental with pre-post tests and randomly assignment of subjects. As for severity of clients problems who referring to advocacy offices and to study the effectiveness of emotion regulation of this critical population, the sample included all couples with marital conflicts who searched Khorram Abad advocacy offices during June to October 2017. The subjects instructed by 8 session’s emotion regulation on the basis of Gross model of emotion regulation instruction (1976). Instrument included Spanier Marital adjustment Questionnaire (1976) which completed by subjects before and after intervention. For analyzing the data multiple analysis of covariance statistical method has used.
Results: The results showed that marital satisfaction scores increased in comparison to baseline. It was exactly unfold that the subscales of affective presentation, couple adhesion, couple agreement and couple satisfaction meaningfully increased after the intervention.
Conclusions: emotion regulation instruction can improve marital satisfaction of couple with marital conflicts and it is emphasized on use of this instruction because of its effectiveness on increasing couple marital adjustment and decreasing of marital problem and it is proposed for application of this model by specialists and cooperative work of advocacy offices with counseling centers to preventing divorce that has irreparable outcomes.
 

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Introduction: the study of the relational patterns obtained from the family of origin, the awareness and acceptance of personal emotions and the quality of the dyadic coping to external stress in married nurses who are under the pressure of family life and workload, are necessary that were investigated with the aim of focus on the effect of background, personal and interactive factors on marital satisfaction of married nurses.

Methods: The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study was all married nurses working in governmental and non-governmental hospitals in Tehran during the winter period until the spring of 2017-2018. So 255 married nurses included 162 employed in the public hospital and 93 in the nongovernmental hospital were participated by voluntary in the research. For assessing the variables Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)‎, ‎Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS), Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI) and ‏Family of Origin Scale (FOS) were used.

Results: The results showed that there was positive correlation between the increase of nurses' scores in the dimensions of independence with emotional expression, responsibility, respect for others, openness, creating a warm atmosphere at home, conflict resolution without stress, sensitivity to communication and empathy, and trust as components of family of origin with marital satisfaction (p <.001), there was significant association between dimensions of mindfulness and marital satisfaction (p<.001) and there was significant association between dyadic coping and marital satisfaction (p<.001). The results also showed that in first step of regression analysis dyadic coping alone 72% and in the second step mindfulness with dyadic coping explained 77% of the variance of marital satisfaction in married nurses.

Conclusion: Awareness of the personal, interactional and background factors affecting marital satisfaction as a protective factor against family-work-related stresses can increase the quality of life in nurses.

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Introduction: Marital satisfaction is important in the continuation of the main marital life and it is important to identify the factors and effective interventions in strengthening it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on early maladaptive schemas of women with marital problems.
Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and control group. The statistical population included all women referring to counseling centers in Tehran in 1398. Among them, 32 people were selected by purposive sampling method based on the inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (16 people in each group). The experimental group underwent 12 sessions of 90 minutes of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Data collection tools were the Young Schema Questionnaire and the Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software and multivariate analysis of covariance.
Results: The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective in reducing early maladaptive schemas in women with marital problems (P <0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results, behavioral cognitive therapy can be used as an effective intervention in improving early maladaptive schemas in designing programs related to promoting family health and couple relationships.
Keywords: Cognitive-Behavioral, Women, Marital Satisfaction, Early Maladaptive Schemas

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Introduction: Divorce is one of the most important challenges of any society that changes people's lives; And effective treatment methods can confrontationwith this problem as soon as possible. Therefore, the present study aimed to comparing the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy and mindfulness based on cognitive therapy on marital satisfaction and resilience of women seeking divorce. 
Methods: The study method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with experimental groups and control group. The statistical population consisted of all women seeking divorce who had recorded for divorce through Tasmim site of welfare organization in Tehran in 2021. Among them, 66 people (22 people in each group) were selected by the convenient sampling method based on inclusion criteria and then replaced in three groups: dialectical behavior therapy, mindfulness based on cognitive therapy and control group. Research instruments included the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Inventory (1998) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003). The first experimental group received the Linehan's approach (2018) dialectical behavior therapy in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, the second experimental group received the mindfulness based on cognitive therapy training with Kabat-Zinn's approach (2004) in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. The control group was waiting for their turn. Data were analyzed using repeated measure of variance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test and SPSS25 software.     
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental groups and control group; And both therapy-intervention dialectical behavior therapy and mindfulness based on cognitive therapy increased marital satisfaction and resilience of women seeking divorce (P <0.05). Also, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that the increase in marital satisfaction was more in the intervention of dialectical behavior therapy; And the increase in resilience was more in the mindfulness based on cognitive therapy (P <0.05).
Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, dialectical behavior therapy intervention can be effective in improving marital satisfaction of women seeking divorce; And mindfulness based on cognitive therapy intervention can be effective in improving resilience of women seeking divorce. Therefore, it is recommended that therapists and family counselors use these therapies along with other therapeutic interventions to improve marital satisfaction and resilience of women seeking divorce.   
 

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Introduction: Marital satisfaction in couples depends on sexual satisfaction and better understanding of each other's needs. Physical changes such as overweight and obesity can negatively affect people's perception of their body and appearance and endanger their marital satisfaction. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of schema therapy on marital satisfaction and sexual schemas in overweight women.
Methods: The current research method is semi-experimental and a pre-post-test design with two experimental and control groups was used to collect data. The statistical population of the study was made up of all women suffering from weight gain in Tehran city living in region 1 in 2023. 30 people were selected by convenience and voluntary sampling and then, randomly divided into two experimental (15 people) and control groups. (15 people) were appointed. The experimental group received schema therapy intervention during 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The measurements used in this research included marital satisfaction (Fowers & Olson, 1993), sexual schema (Andersen and Cyranowski, 1994). The data was analyzed through spss-v24 software with ANCOVA method.
Results: The findings showed that schema therapy intervention significantly improved marital satisfaction and sexual schemas (P<0.05).
Conclusion: A deeper understanding of childhood schemas, as discussed in the schema therapy intervention, can help to understand the dysfunctional personality traits that interfere with the treatment of overweight individuals. Also, by knowing the schemas, clients can achieve adaptive and compatible coping methods in married life.