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Introduction: Life skills play a significant role in adolescents' health promotion and have a positive effect on modifying their high- risk behaviors. A great deal of studies have shown that problem solving may affect on using drug behavior. The purpose of this study is determining adolescents problem solving skill and its relation with Ecstasy usage among adolescents of west of Tehran. Methods: In a cross-sectional (correlative) study. Eight- hundred of 16-18 years old adolescents residing in west Tehran participated in the study. The setting was public regions of west Tehran. Problem-solving skill was determined using ˝ problem solving inventory". Adolescents' usage of ecstasy was measured by a self-structured questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed by participants after obtaining an informed consent. Results : Finding revealed that most of participants ( 69.4 %) enjoyed good problem- solving skills. Findings indicated that 7.6 % of adolescents have experienced Ecstasy usage once at least. There was significant relationship between problem-solving skill and Ecstasy usage in adolescents (P= 0/001 ) . Discussion & Conclusion: Regarding the findings, it is recommended to reinforce life skills in adolescents by emphasizing the role of parents, peers and friends to prevent substance abuse. it also recommended that some programs to be executed regarding prohibited substances including Ecstasy and their complications to increase general information of public

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Introduction: spiritual wellbeing and religious activities was known as important source cope with chronic disease induced problems. Objective: The study was done for determination of spiritual wellbeing status and religious coping among hemodialysis patients. Methods: in this descriptive and analytical study, 95 hemodialysis were selected via convenience sampling methods. Paloutzian & Ellison spiritual wellbeing scale and Pargament religious coping scale were used as date gathering tools. Data analysis was done in SPSS 16 software environment with descriptive statistical tests, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test and one way ANOVA. In all tests, level of significance considered less than 0.05. Results: Mean and standard deviations of spiritual wellbeing, positive and negative religious coping scores were 91.98±15.09, 23.38±4.17 and 11.46±4.34. 52.6 percent of patients have higher then mean score in spiritual wellbeing scale. 53.6 percent of patients have higher then mean score in positive religious coping and the portion about negative religious coping was 37.9 percent. Spiritual wellbeing had significant correlation with positive religious coping (r=0.463, P=0.000) and There were no reveres significant correlations between Spiritual wellbeing and negative religious(r=-0.430, P=0.000). There was no significant difference between two genders in spiritual wellbeing status and religious coping. With age increasing, the spiritual wellbeing score was increased and this relation was statistically significant. Conclusion: finding indicated spiritual wellbeing of hemodialysis patients were in partially favorite level and according to the positive effect of efficient religious coping strategies, focus on religious coping reinforcement in routine patients care, and could improve spiritual wellbeing and psychological aspect of quality of life.

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Introduction: Medical students, especially army university students are considered as being under high risk for mental disorders. This study investigated the relationship between self-esteem and depression in nursing students of a selected medical university in Tehran. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical survey, 130 nursing students of a selected medical university in Tehran were selected. Data collection tools were: A researcher-made demographic information questionnaire, the 21-item Beck Depression questionnaire, and 58-question Cooper Smith self Esteem Questionnaire. After entering the data into SPSS version 18 and using the Liker method for scoring options in the questionnaire, data analysis was made according to SPSS software and descriptive-analytical statistics (Chi-square). Results: The results showed that %24.3 of students had moderate to severe depression. Also %56.1 had a low self-esteem. Chi-square tests showed significant differences between depression and self-esteem in the assessed units (P<0.05). Conclusion: Given that a significant difference existed between the level of self-esteem and depression and upon increasing self-esteem, the scores of depression decreases, it, therefore is possible to use methods of enhancing self-esteem to improve students’ mental health.

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Introduction: Coronary heart disease is the main cause of death and inability in all communities. Anxiety is the most common psychological response to myocardial infarction. Present study was conducted to indentify efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing on the anxiety of patients with myocardial infarction. Methods: This study is a clinical trial. Sixty patients with myocardial infarction hospitalized at the cardiac ward of a hospital in Qazvin between 2011-2012 were selected using sampling and were divided by random assignment into experimental and control groups. In order to collect data, demographic and anxiety questionnaires were used. Interventions were subsequently performed in two sessions every other day for 45 to 90 mi and anxiety level of the patients was measured before and after intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired - t-test, t-test, Willcoxon and Chi square. Results: Mean anxiety levels in experimental group were (48.874.28) and (7.372.42) before and after intervention, respectively therefore it statistically showed a significant difference (P<0.001). Mean anxiety level in control group was (49.105.13) before intervention and it was (48.405.31) after intervention, so it statistically showed a significant difference (P<0.001). Conclusion: The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is a newly effective, useful, efficient and non-invasive method for treatment and reducing anxiety in patients with myocardial infarction. Nurses, particularly those who are working in Critical Care Units can use this new and effective method for treatment of anxiety in patients.

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Introduction: Attitude toward marriage is one of the key mechanisms in anticipating real behavior in marriage and its assessment needs a valid instrument. The aim of this research was to investigate the reliability, validity, and factor structure of Persian version of Marital Attitude Scale (MAS, Brateen & Rosen, 1998). Methods: In this descriptive-scaling research, the study population of this research was the B.A students studying at Isfahan University. The sample was 137 university students (including 51 males and 86 females) selected by stratified sampling. Marital Attitude Scale (MAS) and Marriage Expectation Scale (MES) were the instruments for collecting the data. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, NAN OVA and Pearson correlation. Results: The results showed that MAS has high and suitable reliability and validity for assessing university students’ attitude toward marriage. The results of factor analysis revealed that MAS is a multid-imentional instrument. Attitude toward marriage can be divided into two distinct and yet interrelated factors, attitude toward their marriage and general attitude toward marriage. The general attitude toward marriage includes pessimistic, optimistic and idealistic attitude. Furthermore, comparing the attitude of boys and girls, as a lateral finding, showed girls’ attitude toward their marriage and general attitude toward marriage is more negative than boys, and girls have more pessimistic attitude toward marriage. Conclusion: In general, the marital attitude Scale is a reliable and suitable instrument to assess marital Attitudes

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Introduction: Considering the aged population development and the prevalence of depression in this group, especially in nursing homes, paying attention to psycho-therapeutic approaches, especially in terms of ease and lack of side effects is absolutely necessary. This study investigated the effects of group poetry therapy on depression of elderly people. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 72 elderly living at a nursing home and also were randomly selected and classified in two groups of intervention (n=39) and control (n=33) groups. Poetry therapy group was designed for the intervention group and 12 sessions of 60 minutes were carried out for 6 weeks. Without any special interruption, the intervention group participated regularly in group meetings. The data collection tools were questionnaire, demographic information and geriatric depression scale. To analyze and collect data, chi-square, t-tests and paired t-test were utilized. Results: Our finding showed a significant difference between pre and post intervention, where the elderly depression mean score in intervention group changed from 7.6 to 6.5 (P<0.004) but no significant difference was observed in the control group (P>0.87). Conclusion: Having considered the results, it can be said that group poetry therapy can be effective to reduce depression in older adults. Therefore, it is recommended to use such an easy and low cost skill in nursing homes or own homes to promote mental health and improve depression symptoms.

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Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic and degenerative disease related to the central nervous system that causes depression in patients. Peer group can better encourage their peers to select the appropriate behavior. This study aimed to determine the impact of peer-led education on depression of multiple sclerosis patients in 2011. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed by selecting 110 multiple sclerosis patients and allocation of randomized two groups of tests and control groups (each group included55 patients).The MS Society of Iran was the research environment. After preparing the peer group, six training sessions were held during six weeks by peer group for the test group. Data collection tool was a questionnaire named Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to assess patients’ depression this was completed by both groups before and4months after the program. The data were analyzed using SPSS v.16 software and chi-square test, paired T and independent T. Results: There was no significant difference in depression score between two groups before intervention but the difference was shown significant between two groups after intervention using independent t test (P=0.001). Pair t test showed a significant difference in the depression reduction in the test group after peer group performance (P=0.000), whereas the same test showed no significant difference in the control group. Conclusion: Peer-led education caused depression reduction in patients with MS. Hence use of this teaching method in multiple sclerosis and patients with chronic diseases is recommended.

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Introduction: Retirement is combining with extensive changes in everyday life, opportunities, expectations, hopes and fears. Since retirement is a major event in the lives of many people and necessary to coping, it discussed as an important issue for health care professionals. The aim of this review article was exploration of coping to retirement. Methods: In this systematic review that was done during 2009-2011, we were collected and analyzed all studies and references in retirement and coping with retirement (Persian and English), without time limitation. This review study was carried out using ISI, MEDLINE and CINAHL database that cover a wide range of scientific literature and journals, the index published their research. Studies in Persian through electronic databases including the Scientific Information Database (SID), Database of Medical Sciences in Iran articles (IranMedex), Institute for Scientific Information and Documentation Iran (IranDoc), Country Information (Magiran) and (Medlib) and search engine (Google) search was performed with Persian words. In addition, offline search that were available in retirement, refer to the archive library journals, dissertations and books, references were also presented at conferences and resources. The results of this search was to obtain after primary investigate of 297 relevant references and finally among of 98 references that the most appropriate in terms of coverage of the subject with emphasis on various aspects of retirement and coping to retirement, were used for this article. These references include of quantitative and qualitative studies, books, and abstracts of research projects. Results: The key concepts involve to coping in retirement include of: “Preparation”, “Healthy”, “Identifying” and “Supporting”, that by precise identification, orderly and planned all the relevant studies can be helpful and effective in coping with retirement. Conclusion: Retirement coping is possible with emphasis on create preparation to retirement, identify of retiree, maintain healthy and enjoyment from supporting of family, leaders, organizations and community. Identify of this concept, creating of social positive attitude towards the phenomenon of retirement are the essential and necessary in coping to retirement.

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Introduction: Different cultural habits through creating different beliefs and attitudes can affect phenomenology and prevalence of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorders. This descriptive study was conducted among patients to determine symptomology of obsessive disorder Referred to clinical centers in Tehran with emphasis on culture. Method: In this descriptive study 103 patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder were selected through non accidental sampling (quota, convenience). Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale with an open-ended question was used in this study. Convergent and test-retest were also conducted in order to determine the validity and reliability. Data have been analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the most common symptoms of obsession in Iranian patients respectively, Included contamination obsession (92.23%), miscellaneous obsessions (66.99%) and physical obsession (57.28%) and the most common symptoms of compulsive respectively, Include miscellaneous compulsive (78.64%), Cleaning and washing (73.78%), and Sift (64.07%). Conclusion: The overall pattern of Symptomology obsessive–compulsive disorder in this study sample is consistent with the observed pattern in Western and Eastern cultures in some countries, so that the main features of obsessive–compulsive disorder was relatively independent of cultural variables and only exception is content of OCD in which cultural factors may play a significant role.

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Title: the effect of orientation tour with angiography procedure on anxiety and satisfaction of patients undergoing coronary angiography Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide. Despite medical treatment, some patients require coronary angiography for diagnosis of coronary artery occlusion and this is the most definitive diagnostic procedure. Angiography large effect on patient’s anxiety and satisfaction with the treatment and care of patients are affected. This study aimed to the effect of orientation tour on anxiety and satisfaction of patient candidates for coronary angiography procedures. Methods: In this experimental study, 148 patients were recruited by convenience sampling. Patients allocated into two groups with block randomization. Patients in Intervention group, in addition to routine training, orientation tour in the angiography unit were taken too. Anxiety was measured in all patients during admission, before surgery and discharge time the satisfaction was measured in discharge time too. Collection instrument was demographic data, Spielberger state trait anxiety inventory and the Visual Analogue Scale. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and independent t-test with SPSS Ver.20. Results: The mean anxiety scores between the two groups showed no significant difference (p=0/756). In the intervention group, anxiety scores were significantly decreased compared with the control group (p<0/001). The mean patient satisfaction score at discharge was higher in the intervention group than in the control group, this difference was statistically significant (p<0/001). Conclusions: Angiography orientation tour in patients candidate to coronary angiography reduce anxiety and increase patient satisfaction, therefore this educational approach in patients undergoing coronary angiography were recommended.

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Introduction: Multiple sclerosis [MS] is an acquired chronic neurological disease whose prevalence is more in some areas of Iran. Of its significant features are that most patients are young adults and also it's disabling nature. Psychiatric disorders such as depression are seen in MS patients considerably. Expression of emotions or emotional Catharsis by writing is one of the cost-effective self-helping methods whose efficacy has been studied on mental and physical health and survival in chronic patients. This method has not been studied on MS patients yet. This research has been conducted to evaluate the effects of Journaling on depression in MS patients. Method: This study has been done in ''Interventional and Quazi experiment'' before and after method, on patients with (MS) coming to MS ASSOSIATION, in TEHRAN, IRAN within (2010). After getting patients’ written consents, candidates were asked to complete first DASS-21 questionnaire and then write negative feelings and emotions about a traumatic event, 30 minutes a day for four continuous weeks. After 1 month they were asked to complete another DASS-21 questionnaire. Finally Data of questionnaire were analyzed by SPSS version 16. Results: Depression score are higher than normal in MS patients. Mean of depression score of intervention group was significantly better than before Journaling (P=0.008). Journaling efficacy was not dependent on sex and patients age. Conclusion: Journaling and writing emotional expression is effective on depression score in patients with MS.

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Introduction: All over the world, depression is a serious and debilitating public health problem with high prevalence. Medications significantly reduce the depressive symptoms and mortality. However, psychosocial interventions increase efficacy of medication. This study aimed to study the effects of dialectical behavior therapy skills on depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in depressed patients. Method: Our study design was a quasi-experimental and participants were selected based on volunteer sampling. 18 depressed inpatients were assigned in experimental (n=9) and wait-list control (n=9) groups. Patients were assessed by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Reasons for Living (RFL) Scale before and after training. Dialectical behavior therapy skills training were performed individual weekly format and lasted for over 6 month and 20 sessions. Results: Results of ANCOVA showed that skills training were effective in reducing depressive symptoms. Experimental group had a statistical significance in depression (P=0.001) and suicidal ideation (P=0.008) scores. Conclusion: Augmentation of medication with dialectical behavior therapy improves effectiveness of treatment of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Experimental group was superior to control group in reducing symptoms. These skills can be used for the depressed inpatients.

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Introduction: Body dysmorphia (BDD) is a psychiatric illness experienced by up to 20% of patients requesting cosmetic surgery. BDD should be searched out and recognized by the plastic surgeon. This study aimed todetermine the prevalence of Prevalence of body dysmorphia and psychological disorders relatives in cosmetic rhinoplasty volunteer. Method: In the cross-sectional study first 400 patients who referred for treatment to a clinic surgery in Hamedan city in 2009 were selected by convenience sampling and clinical interview with criteria DSM-IV to assess BDD. In the next phase, patients with body dysmorphia were assessed with MMPI questionnaire and clinical interview to identify otherrelative mental disorders. Data analyzed were descriptive statistical. Results: 21 patients had body dysmorphia disorder whose mean and standard deviation of MMPI questionnaire were hypochondrias is 6.14(3.32), Depression 9.85(4.30), hysteria 12.28(3.45), antisocial 9(4), paranoia 5.33(2.31), Psychatseni 9.57(4.33), schizophrenia 9(5) and hypomania 5.66(3.16).

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Introduction: High incidence of anxiety and depression in patients with coronary artery disease can be associated with serious complications consisting increasing mortality and morbidity and adverse cardiac events. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of anxiety and depression in patients with coronary artery disease. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jamaran heart hospitals Tehran in 2010 and a total sample size of 300 patients with coronary heart disease were investigated. Convenience sampling method was used to select patients. Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) was used for assessment of anxiety and depression. The data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 17, and descriptive and inferential statistic tests were used. Results: The mean and standard deviation scores for anxiety and depression subscales were, (2.6)7.23, and (2.6)6.74, respectively. Of the patients, 45.7% had depression and 38% had anxiety. There was statistically significant relationship between age and depression, also anxiety and depression levels (r=0.67). Patients with a history of hypertension had more anxiety and depression levels (P<0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study showed a high incidence of anxiety and depression in patients with coronary artery disease, respectively. Therefore, recommendations for further assessment of the mental status of the patients at admission and planning appropriate interventions according to screening outcomes is recommended.

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Introduction: Self-esteem is an important aspect of adaptation in all stages of life, which in ageing time finds more importance, especially in mental health of elderly people. Reminiscence is a form of group psychotherapy, through which self-esteem and social intimacy through review of past experience will be affected. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of reminiscence group therapy on self-esteem among the elderly in nursing home in Uromie. Method: This research was an experimental study in which elderly people of Ferdous, Azahra, Ara and Khane Sabz nursing homes had the required conditions to enter the study program based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. After cloning senior center groups, the two groups were randomly assigned as the intervention and control groups. Reminiscence group therapy sessions in the intervention group at each center consisted of 8 sessions, held twice a week. Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire both before and after the intervention and control groups were completed by the elderly. Data Analysis with SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics was performed. Results: Our results showed that group reminiscence therapy increased self-esteem scores mean in the intervention group (28.95±1.60) compared to those before (26.30±3.09). Comparison of self-esteem scores mean between the intervention and control groups after the intervention was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: Implementing of reminiscence group therapy had a positive influence on self-esteem of the elderly. This intervention as an inexpensive, easy and independent measure in nursing in all nursing homes and homes is recommended.

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Background and Aim: Addiction as health problem, mental and social of the present century that not only impact on the physical, emotional and social addicted person, but also led to social-psychosocial problems for the community and their families. However, it seems that social support for families in this condition improve their health and compatibility with the conditions. Therefore this study was to examine relation between psychosocial problems with perception of social support families with addicted member. Method: This Study was a descriptive-analytical study and 400 members of the first prime of drug addicted person whom referred to 5-Azar Addicts Rehabilitation Center of Gorgan at 2012 were selected by simple random sampling. Data gathered by Questionnaires of (SCL- 90), Northouse social support and demographic information. The data were analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient, Chi-square and Fisher. Results: The results showed that most families participating in this study had moderate anxiety (36.4%) and moderate depression (36.8%) Also 36% of them have low levels of aggression while 35/8% have the moderate of interpersonal sensitivity. Moreover, most subjects (70.3%) displayed moderate levels of perceived social support. The results showed that between the perception of social support, and anxiety (r=-0.347), depression (r=0.347) and interpersonal sensitivity (r=-0.293) there was a significant inverse relationship, while there was no significant relationship between aggression and perception of social support (r=- 0.293). Conclusion: in regard with the salient role of high social support in better copping of the families of addicted people with stressful factors and its role in providing their psychosocial health, the nurses of health centers can develop some supportive groups and increase their knowledge about positive effects of supportive behaviors to give appropriate supportive interventions. Hence, it is necessity for nurses, first, by constantly evaluating the supportive needs of these families and then by using the sources existed in society and families’ contribution to step up efforts to promote psychosocial health condition.

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Introduction: psychiatry units’ nurses are faced with several tensions. Therefore, using proper coping strategies for reducing their aggravating effects seems necessary. The purpose of this study was to determine the stressors, coping strategies in nurses, working in psychiatry units of Razi Medical Educational Center. Methods: This survey was a descriptive-analytical study which was carried out with 104 participants of psychiatric nurses. Data gathering strategies consisted of three questionnaires: Personal information and Devilliers, Carson & Leary Stress Scale and PsychNurse Methods of Coping, stress and strategies of coping in PsychNurse were measured. For analyzing the data Spss.17 was used. In order to answer the research’s questions of Pearson correlation, Regression, variance analysis, Tukey and t-test were used. Results: Low payment threats from patients and attendants Lack of enough safety in wards were common causes of stress among nurses in psychiatry wards. Acute units nurses were experiencing relatively more stress than other units’ nurses in which this difference was more significant in chronic units (p=0/02) .There were no significant relation between other individual variables with job stress except the sex variable. Male nurses have experienced more high significant stress in comparison with female ones (p<0/05). Most nurses are trying to gain adaptation with these tensions by believing in and feeling good about themselves increasing knowledge and experience and relying on their abilities. Using emotional base coping for nurses in acute units and using problem base coping in chronic units is reported more than other units. Employing focus diverting thought-attention and emotional conflict in female nurses were more than male ones, in which significant difference were obtained in just thought-focus diversion (p=0/04). Conclusion: Acute wards’ nurses, who were experiencing high levels of tensions, employing extensively emotional base coping, educating, preventive practices and coping with received stress is recommended for employees, especially psychiatry wards’ nurses.

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Introduction: Nursing is a stressful job and Job stress has become a challenge for the nursing profession. Job stress can lead to a loss of creativity, job dissatisfaction, feeling of inadequacy, depression and reduced quality of nursing care. The present study was performed to investigate the relationship between personality characteristics and Job stress among medical staff in Saqqez Imam Khomeini's Hospital. Methods: In this correlation-descriptive study, 115 nurses from Saqqez Imam Khomeini's Hospital in 2013 were selected based on census sampling method. Data were collected by Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) and NEO Personality Inventory. Data were analyzed by SPSS-18 software using descriptive statistics, independent t test, Pearson correlation and regression at the significant level of p≤0.05. Results: 41 (35.7%) subjects were male and 74 (64.3%) were female. The mean age of the participants was 31.9±6.6 years. In the current study, there was a significant direct relationship between job stress and neuroticism (R = 0.38 and p=0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the variable neuroticism is a good predictor for occupational stress. Conclusion: There is a relationship between neuroticism and job stress and attention to the neuroticism as a predictor of job stress in nurses is essential. Keywords: job stress, stress, personality trait, nurse.

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Introduction: Spirituality is an important and protective factor in nurses’ health. This research was administered with the aim of predicting the psychological capital through spirituality at work among nurses. Method: Research method was correlation and the statistical population was the nurses of a public hospital, among them one hundred and frothy five persons were selected using accessible sampling method. Data gathering instruments were the previous made questionnaires, their reliability and validity has been verified, including psychological capital questionnaire and spirituality at workplace questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results: The results of regression analysis revealed that among four components of spirituality at workplace, sense of community (β=.39) and spiritual connection (β=.27) have predictive power on self efficacy, spiritual connection (β=.41) has predictive power on hope, and sense of community (β=.32) has predictive power on positive life orientation. None of four components of spirituality at workplace have predictive power on resiliency. Conclusion: The results of current research showed that components of spirituality at workplace could reinforce the nurses’ psychological capital. Therefore, reinforcement of spirituality is necessary in hospital environment, for better managing nurses’ psychological capital.

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Introduction: Impaired spiritual health in substance abusers and important role of spirituality and spiritual care in substance abuse treatment led to more focus on spiritual interventions in substance abuse treatment. Due to high rate of industrial drug abuse, this research aimed to determine the impact of spiritual care on spiritual health of Amphetamin dependents. Methods: In a triangulated experimental study, all officially diagnosed and hospitalized amphetamin dependents of a special service center in Iran were participated. 81 persons sample by using a randomized permuted block method was devided into two case and control group.(41 case and 40 control group). Data gathered by using pre and post test information,applying demographic checklist and jarel spiritual well-being questionnaire by each person before and after spiritual care intervention. To analyze data dependent t-test, colmogroph-smirnoph test and pierson correlation test were applied. Results: Comparison the pre and post test data of spiritual health in tow case and contol groups showed significant diffrences in case group and spiritual health in case group promoted after spiritual care, however there was no significant diffrence in control group before and after spiritual care intervention. Conclusion: spiritual care intervention leads to spiritual health promotion in hospitalized amphetamin dependents. Assessment of demographic variables showed that gender effects spiritual health and women reported higher response to spiritual care than men. Key words: Spiritual care, Spiritual health, Amphetamin dependents.