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Introduction: Alexithymia, as an inability to identify and describe feelings, has a significant relationship with blood glycemic control and quality of life in patient with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alexithymia and self-care activities on diabetes control indices in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional investigation. Participants of the study included 100 patients with type 2 diabetic, referred to Labbafinejad Hospital. Information was collected through questionnaires of alexithymia, self-care activities and health-related quality of life. The glycated hemoglobin levels were also obtained in the laboratory by collecting blood samples. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software.

Results: In order to assess the relationship between glycated hemoglobin, alexithymia, self-care activities and quality of life, a Pearson’s correlation analysis was used. The results showed that alexithymia had a significant positive correlation with HbA1c (0.44) and a significant negative correlation with self-care activities (-0.049) and quality of life (-0.47). Furthermore, alexithymia and self-care activities can predict the level of HbA1c and the quality of life in patients with diabetes. Among the aspects of alexithymia, difficulty in identifying feelings and objective thinking were predictors of HbA1c; also, difficulty in describing feelings was a predictor of patients’ quality of life.

Conclusions: Based on the results of study, alexithymia had an important role in explaining and predicting diabetes control indices. Therefore, consideration of the alexithymia role and other emotional and psychological problems in patients with type 2 diabetes may be important for planning the efficacy of interventions and treatments of diabetes.

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Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is the most common chronic disease that creates a lot of restrictions for patients and their families. Hence promotion of psychological characteristics of this group has been considered by many therapists. This study aimed at investigating the effect of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on cognitive emotion regulation and alexithymia of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The present research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The population of the research included all patients with type 2 diabetes that had referred to health care centers of Ahvaz city, during year 2015. Overall, 30 patient were selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned to 2 equal groups (each group consisted of 15 people). The experimental group took part in eight 90-minute sessions of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment and the control group was placed on the waiting list. Groups completed the Garnefski et al. cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire and Bagby et al. Toronto alexithymia scale as a pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MONCOVA) method and using the SPSS-21 software.

Results: The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the averages of cognitive emotion regulation and alexithymia of experimental and control groups in the post-test stage. On the other hand, the method of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment significantly led to an increase in cognitive emotion regulation and decrease in alexithymia of patients with type 2 diabetes (P < 0.01).

Conclusions: According to the effect of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on cognitive emotion regulation and alexithymia, it is suggested for counselors, therapists, and clinical psychologists to use the mentioned method to increase cognitive emotion regulation and decrease alexithymia of patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Introduction: Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are psycho-physiological disorders. In addition to physical problems, psychosocial factors play an important role in its development and intensification. The purpose of this study was to compare the emotion regulation, self-control and defense mechanisms in patients with coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and normal subjects.
Methods: The present study was a post-event causal-comparative study and the statistical population of the study consisted of three groups of cardiovascular patients, diabetic patients and normal people. 40 patients with Coronary Heart Disease, 40 patients with type 2 diabetes, were matched with 40 normal subjects in the variables such as age, gender, education, and marital status. The research instrument was a questionnaire of Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ-40), emotional regulation questionnaire (CERQ-10) and self-control questionnaire (SC-13). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance.
Results: The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the three groups in the variables reappraisal (P <0.001), suppression (P <0.001), self-control (P <0.001), mature defense (P <0.001), neurotic defense (P <0.001), immature defense (P <0.001).
Conclusion: Considering the findings of this research, emotional regulation training, stress management and self-control can be used to promote the Psychiatric Nursing of cardiovascular patients and diabetic patients.
 

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Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic disease that plays a key role in reducing health and quality of life and patients suffering from it show high anxiety, poor self-care behaviors and low adherence to medical treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of integrated meta-diagnostic treatment and positive thinking skills training on adherence to treatment and coronavirus anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: The present research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design (three groups) with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with type 2 diabetes who were members of the Diabetes Association referring to Health Center in Ahvaz in 1399, from which 45 people were selected using targeted sampling and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 people in each group) and one control group (15 people). Research data were collected using Adherence to Chronic Diseases Treatment Questionnaire of Modanloo and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale of Alipour, et al. The first experimental group underwent integrated meta-diagnostic treatment of Barlow et al. for 12 sessions of 60 minutes and the second experimental group was given eight 60-minute sessions of positive thinking skills training based on Seligman's theory, and the control group did not receive any psychological intervention. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance, analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test.
Results: The results showed that both integrated meta-diagnostic treatment and positive thinking skills training improved treatment adherence and reduced coronavirus anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes (p<0.01). There was no difference between the two types of integrated meta-diagnostic treatment and positive thinking skills training regarding adherence to treatment and coronavirus anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that both treatments had a similar effect on improving adherence to treatment and reducing coronavirus anxiety in patients.
Conclusion: The results indicated the significant effect of integrated meta-diagnostic treatment and positive thinking skills training on improving adherence to treatment and reducing corona disease anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, psychologists and medical centers can use integrated meta-diagnostic treatment and positive thinking skills training to improve the condition of patients with diabetes.

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Introduction: Patients with type 2 diabetes often experience poor sleep quality, which can affect the severity and management of the disease, as well as the psychological well-being of patients, by disrupting metabolic function and glucose intolerance. Considering the effect of bibliotherapy, behavioral activation therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on sleep quality in different groups, this study was conducted with the aim of comparing these three interventions on sleep quality in females with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: The current reserch method was semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and control group on a three month follow-up. 60  people from  the  female clients with  type  2  diabetes  referred to Tehran  Sajjad Clinic of  the first three months of the year 2023, were purposefully selected and placed in four groupes of 15 (three experiment groupes and one control group). The interventions were performed for test groups.The control group did not recived any intervention. Data were collected with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Buysse et al. (1998) in the three stages of pre-test, post -test-and, follow-up. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 22 software using anaysis of variance with repeated measures method and Bonferroni's post-hoc test.
Results: The results showed a significant effect of all three interventions at post-test and follow-up on sleep quality at the level of 0.05 (P≤0.05). Also, there was a significant difference at the level of 0.05 (P≤0.05) between the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy with behavioral activation treatment and bibliotherapy on sleep quality at post-test and follow-up, but there was no significant difference between the effect of behavioral activation treatment and bibliotherapy at post-test and follow-up at the level of 0.05 (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the greater effectiveness and stability of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, it is suggested to implement this intervention as a Complementary intervention in medical centers with the aim of increasing sleep quality caused by diabetes complications along with medical treatments.