Introduction: Kidney disease is one of the most common diseases in people that leads to emotional problems such as stress, anxiety and depression. The purpose of this study was to predict of the amount of depression, anxiety and stress based on spiritual components in hemodialysis patients in Ilam province.

Methods: In this research, which was carried out with the correlation method, 150 hemodialysis patients were selected and then subjected to the study by means of available sampling. Three questionnaires regarding depression, anxiety, stress, prayer and spiritual health were used as a means of data collection. In this research, dimensions of prayer and spiritual health were considered as a predictors and emotional components were considered as a dependent variable. The data were analyzed by R Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions analyzes.

Results: The results of the study revealed that there are significant negative relationships between all dimensions of prayer and depression and stress, while there are also significant negative relationships between a dimensions of prayer except pray frequency and anxiety (P < 0.01). Also the results showed that there are significant negative relationships between dimensions of spiritual health and depression, anxiety and stress (P < 0.01). These factors could account for 36% of the variation in the level of emotional components. Regression coefficients with stepwise method for linear combination of spiritual components with emotional components were significant at less than 0.001.

Conclusions: Spiritual components are correlative with patient's emotional component. Thus, religious beliefs can be used to improve hemodialysis patients’ health.